Ratio of average stress to maximum elastic stress

Product of average stress and maximum elastic stress

Ratio of maximum elastic stress to average stress

Twice the average stress

Failure of fasteners occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on perpendicular plane along fasteners

Failure of member occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on perpendicular plane along fasteners

Failure of member occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on parallel plane along fasteners

Failure of fasteners occurs along path involving tension on one plane and shear on parallel plane along fasteners

Larger connection length

Increasing the number of bolts per connection

With use of low strength bolts

With use of high bearing strength material

${\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{g}}$

$\frac{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{g}}}$

$\frac{{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{g}}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}$

$\frac{{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{g}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}}$

Net area = Gross area x Hole diameter

Net area = Gross area + Hole diameter

Net area = Gross area – Hole diameter

Net area = Gross area / Hole diameter

Block shear strength at an end connection for shear fracture and tension yield

Block shear strength at an end connection for shear yield and tension fracture

Larger of block shear strength at an end connection for (shear fracture, tension yield) and (shear yield, tension fracture

Smaller of block shear strength at an end connection for (shear fracture, tension yield) and (shear yield, tension fracture

${\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}$

$0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}$

$\frac{ 0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{n}}}{{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}$

$\frac{ 0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}$

$\left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

$\left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

$\left(0.9\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

$\left(0.9\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

$\left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

$\left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{\sqrt{3}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

$\left(\frac{0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

$\left(\frac{0.9{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{tg}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}\right) + \left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{vn}}{\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}}{{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}}\right)$

Minimum of strength due to gross yielding, net section rupture, block shear

Maximum of strength due to gross yielding, net section rupture, block shear

Strength due to gross yielding

Strength due to block shear