Angles if axially loaded through centroid can be designed as plates

Angles connected to gusset plates by welding or bolting only through one of the two legs results in eccentric loading

When load is applied by connecting only one leg of member, there is shear lag at the end connection

When angles are connected to gusset plates by welding or bolting only through one of the two legs resulting in eccentric loading, there is a uniform stress distribution over cross section.

Thickness of angle has no significant influence on member strength

Net section efficiency is lower when long leg of angle is connected rather than short leg

When length of connection decreases, the tensile strength increases

Effect of gusset plate thickness on ultimate tensile strength is significant

$\beta A_{go}{f}_y{\gamma }_{mo}$

$\frac{\beta A_{go}{f}_y}{{\gamma }_{mo}}$

$\beta A_{go}{\gamma }_{mo}$

$\frac{\beta A_{go}}{f_y {\gamma }_{mo}}$

Area of unconnected leg

Size of outstanding leg

Ultimate stress of material

Thickness of outstanding leg

1.2

0.9

1.4

0.7

$\mathrm{\beta } \ge {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}} / {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}$

$\mathrm{\beta } \ge {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1} / {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}$

$\mathrm{\beta } \le {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}} / {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1}$

$\mathrm{\beta } \le {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{u}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{m}1} / {\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Ƴ}}_{\mathrm{mo}}$

0.6

0.7

0.8

1.0

Reduces

Improves

Does not affect

Half

Increses

Reduces

Does not change

Remain same

38.2 cm²

20 cm²

240 cm²

480 cm²