Article 48 A only

Article 51 A only

Both Article 48 A and Article 51 A

Neither Article 48 A nor Article 51 A

Formed a part of the original Constitution. 

Were added by the Forty-Second Amendment. 

Were added by the Forty-Fourth Amendment. 

Were defined by the parliament through a law enacted during the emergency. 

Majority of the people wanted it. 

A section of people was not fulfilling its obligation of respecting the established legal order. 

The government felt this would ensure quicker progress of the country . 

 The Supreme Court emphasised the need of incorporation of these duties in the Constitution. 

To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals. 

 To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. 

To work for the moral upliftment of the weaker sections of society. 

 To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. 

To develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry and reform. 

To work for raising the prestige of the country in the international sphere.

To protect and improve the natural environment.

To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity. 

To make the Fundamental Rights more effective.

To check anti- national, subversive and unconstitutional agitations. 

To accord priority to the directive principles over fundamental rights .

To achieve all the above objectives. 

Abidance by Constitution and respect for its ideals and institutions . 

To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. 

To ensure rule of law in the country. 

To safeguard public property and to adjure violence.

To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired the freedom struggle in India. 

To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so . 

To protect and improve the natural environment .

All the above .

Unanimously welcomed. 

Welcomed by the opposition parties only. 

Welcomed by the ruling only. 

None of the above.